Public Perception, Trust, and Ethical Awareness of Artificial Intelligence in Nigerian Healthcare: An Empirical Assessment
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Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming global healthcare by improving diagnostic accuracy, clinical efficiency, and decision-making. In Nigeria, however, empirical evidence on ethical, social, and trust-related factors
influencing AI adoption remains limited. This study assessed public perception, ethical awareness, and trust in AI applications at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) using a cross-sectional mixed-methods approach. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to healthcare professionals, patients, and ICT staff, complemented by open-ended responses. Results showed moderate to high awareness of AI in healthcare (Mean = 3.91), with 74% of respondents familiar with clinical applications. Overall perceptions were positive (Mean = 3.76), particularly regarding improved diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency. Trust levels were cautiously optimistic (Mean = 3.47), with strong agreement that AI should support rather than replace clinicians (Mean = 4.16). Ethical concerns were significant, especially data privacy (Mean = 4.00) and algorithmic bias (Mean = 3.76). Regression analysis identified ethical awareness as the strongest predictor of trust (β = 0.46, p < 0.05). Qualitative findings emphasized the importance of human oversight, transparent governance, and clear ethical frameworks.
The study concludes that trust in AI within Nigerian healthcare depends largely on ethical governance, continuous professional education, and institutional transparency. Strengthening AI literacy, safeguarding patient data, and
embedding ethical standards into clinical practice are essential for sustainable AI adoption.
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References
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