Effect of Multimodal Back Care Interventions on Functional Disability and Pain Intensity among Older Adults with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP) in older adults is commonly associated with functional disability and loss of independence. Effective rehabilitation strategies are therefore essential. This study evaluated the effects of a multimodal back care intervention on functional disability and pain intensity in older adults with chronic non-specific LBP.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-two adults aged ≥60 years with chronic non-specific LBP were enrolled in a single-blind randomized controlled trial and allocated to a treatment group (TG; n = 16) or control group (CG; n = 16). The TG received a multimodal program consisting of core stabilization exercises targeting the transverse abdominis, lumbar multifidus, and pelvic floor muscles in addition to usual care, while the CG received usual care alone. Functional disability was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and pain intensity using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) at baseline and after 6 weeks by blinded assessors.
Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (p > 0.05). Both groups showed significant improvements; however, reductions were greater in the TG for pain intensity (mean change −3.55 vs −0.81) and functional disability (−11.07 vs −3.73). At 6 weeks, between-group analysis demonstrated significantly lower pain intensity (MD −2.28; 95% CI −2.95 to −1.61; p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 2.43) and functional disability (MD −10.00; 95% CI −14.59 to −5.41; p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.57) in the TG.

Conclusion: Multimodal back care was more effective than usual care in reducing pain intensity and functional disability in older adults with chronic non-specific LBP. Further studies with larger samples and extended follow-up are recommended to determine long-term outcomes.